Carbon capture and storage, geomechanics and induced seismic. Ab 1925 joint report on geologic carbon sequestration strategies. Page professor of geophysics and the director of the stanford natural gas initiative at stanford university. Carbon capture and sequestration ccs congressional research service 1 introduction carbon capture and sequestration or storageknown as ccsis capturing carbon at its source and storing it before its release to the atmosphere.
Co2 storage facility at a norwegian offshore gas facility. Also known as carbon capture a geoengineering technique for the longterm storage of carbon dioxide or other forms of carbon for the mitigation of global warming more than 33 billion tons of carbon emissions annual worldwide ways that carbon can be stored sequestered. The longterm sequestration of some of the additional co 2 fixed as organic carbon requires that there is neither a more than proportionate increase in co 2 loss in ecosystem respiration. Probabilistic assessment of potential fault slip related. In brief congressional research service 1 introduction carbon capture and sequestration or storageknown as ccsis a physical process that involves capturing manmade carbon dioxide co2 at its source and storing it before its release to the atmosphere. This study investigates the seal capacity of deep aquifers, exploited oil and gas reservoirs in order to assess their potential utilization for co 2 sequestration. Efforts are underway to capture co 2 emissions from smokestacks and store them underground in perpetuity. In addition, the study will examine co 2 injection in coal beds for both sequestration and. Apr 23, 2018 mark zoback, a stanford professor of geophysics, discusses the impact of the natural gas revolution as electricity providers transition from coal to a renewableenergy future. Carbon dioxide co 2 capture and sequestration ccs is a set of technologies that can greatly reduce co 2 emissions from new and existing coal and gasfired power plants and large industrial sources. The broader context of carbon capture and sequestration 11. Hoehna, elizabeth lapointb ausda forest service, northern research station, syracuse, ny 210, usa b usda forest service, northern research station, durham, nh 03824, usa article info article history.
Scientists poke holes in carbon dioxide sequestration. Carbon sequestration in soils over the past 150 years, the. The red lines mark the injection intervals at each site, and the green lines mark the. Carbon storage and sequestration by trees in urban and community areas of the united states david j. Geologic carbon sequestration gcs requires injecting large volumes of. Stanford university geophysicists mark zoback and steven gorelick write in a 26 june article in the proceedings of the national academy of sciencesthat there is a high probability that earthquakes. Pdf despite its enormous cost, largescale carbon capture and storage ccs is considered a viable strategy for. Initiated in 1989, our program became internationally recognized as a leader in this field. The stanford center for carbon storage uses a multidisciplinary approach to address critical questions related to flow physics, monitoring, geochemistry, and simulation of the transport and fate of co2 stored in partially to fullydepleted oil fields, saline aquifers, and. Fish and wildlife service service recognized more than 15 years ago that bcs. Most scientists believe there is a direct relationship between increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and rising global temperatures. Interdisciplinary investigation of the co sequestration in. Productioninduced reservoir compaction, permeability loss and land surface subsidence. The potential for carbon sequestration in the united states introduction and summary human activity emits roughly 32 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide co 2the primary greenhouse gas into the atmosphere each year.
Gorelickb departments of ageophysics and benvironmental earth system science, stanford university, stanford, ca 94305 edited by pamela a. In plants and soil terrestrial sequestration carbon sinks. In addition, the study will examine co 2 injection in coal beds for both. Laboratory experiments on dry, unconsolidated reservoir sands from. Chris edwards stanford coupling energy processing and carbon storage. Carbon dioxide co 2 emissions from power plants and factories are among the biggest contributors to global warming. They found co 2 to have a adsorption capacity approximately 5 times greater. He codirects scits stanford center for induced and triggered seismicity scits and the stanford center for carbon storage sccs. Geomechanical aspects of co sequestration in a deep saline. Carbon sequestration carbon sequestration carbon capture. Carbon capture and storage fossil energy in fy 2010, the energy innovation hub for carbon capture and storage will focus on enabling fundamental advances and discovery of novel and revolutionary captureseparation approaches leading to transformational capture technologies to dramatically reduce the energy penalty and costs associated with co.
Geomechanicist for shells deepwater assets in the gulf of mexico. Despite its enormous cost, largescale carbon capture and storage ccs is considered a viable strategy for significantly reducing co2 emissions associated with coalbased electrical power generation and other industrial sources of co2 intergovernmental panel on climate change 2005 ipcc special report on carbon dioxide capture and storage. Pdf earthquake triggering and largescale geologic storage. Earthquake triggering and largescale geologic storage of carbon dioxide. Co 2 capture, transport and storage including measurement, monitoring and verification. The global carbon cycle 5 basic concepts of carbon sequestration 7 challenges of enhancing soil carbon storage 9 technical potential of soil carbon sequestration using recommended practices 14 cobenefits of terrestrial sequestration 15 achieving global food security 16 farming soil carbon 18 need for new tools to measure som dynamics 19. Role of carbon sequestration in climate change mitigation in. Baseline carbon storage, carbon sequestration, and. Adsorption of methane and carbon dioxide on gas shale and pure mineral samples robert heller. Byrne 1 and kevin black2 introduction there is general consensus among the scientific community that increasing atmospheric levels of the socalled greenhouse gasesare causing climate change and are likely to continue doing so. Zoback department of geophysics, stanford university, 397 panama mall, stanford, california 94305, usa abstract. Earthquake risk for carbon capture and storage schemes new.
Probabilistic assessment of potential fault slip related to injectioninduced earthquakes. Carbon dioxide removal cdr techniques, which aim to remove and sequester excess carbon from the atmosphere, have been identified as an important part of the possible responses to climate change and have been garnering increased attention. Jun 26, 2012 despite its enormous cost, largescale carbon capture and storage ccs is considered a viable strategy for significantly reducing co2 emissions associated with coalbased electrical power generation and other industrial sources of co2 intergovernmental panel on climate change 2005 ipcc special report on carbon dioxide capture and storage. Earthquake triggering and largescale geologic storage of. Ccs is an integrated concept consisting of three distinct components. Geomechanical analysis applied to geological carbon dioxide sequestration, induced seismicity in deep mines, and detection or stressinduced velocity anisotropy in subsalt environments. The influence of hydraulic fracturing on carbon storage performance. Seal capacity of potential co 2 sequestration sites. Toward carbon management friday november 8, 2019 stanford university. Zoback department of geophysics, stanford university, 397 panama mall, stanford, california 94305, usa. His principal research interests are related to the forces that act within the earths crust and their influence on processes related to plate tectonics, earthquakes, oil and gas reservoirs, and co 2 sequestration. Carbon capture and storage ccs, or carbon sequestration, is a means of separating out carbon dioxide when burning fossil fuels, collecting it and subsequently dumping it underground or in the sea. His work is consistently creative and original and has led to highly cited publications that address long standing scientific questions.
Carbon sequestration is the process involved in carbon capture and the longterm storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide co 2 and may refer specifically to. Its importance lies in the urgent need to offset increases in atmospheric enrichment of co. Click here for the full pdf fact sheet with references. My research interests focus mainly on the integration of structural geology, rock physics, geomechanics and their impacts on field development plans and daily. Pdf earthquake triggering and largescale geologic storage of. Carbon c sequestration in soil implies transfer and secure storage of atmospheric co 2 into the soil organic carbon soc pool as recalcitrant humusbiochar and into the soil inorganic carbon sic pool as secondary carbonates. Sequestration in depleted shale gas formations project number defe0004731 jennifer wilcox, tony kovscek, mark zoback stanford university, school of earth sciences u. Carbon sequestration implies transfer of atmospheric co2 into other longlived global pools including oceanic, pedologic, biotic and geological strata to reduce the net rate of increase in. What we have found and what should be future priorities, 6th annual conference of carbon capture and sequestration. Zoback and gorelick, 2012, zoback and gorelick, 2015, verdon et al. Page professor of earth sciences and professor of geophysics at stanford university. Significant utilization of unconventional natural gas with carbon capture and storage can and should play. In the uk, all carbon dioxide storage sites will be located offshore under the. The carbon capture and sequestration technologies program at mit conducted research into technologies to capture, utilize, and store co2 from large stationary sources.
Laboratory experiments on dry, unconsolidated reservoir sands from the wilmington. Earthquake triggering and largescale geologic storage of carbon. Carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas, have caused a substantial increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide co 2 in the atmosphere. Probabilistic assessment of potential fault slip related to. Biological carbon sequestration accomplishments report. Can the injection of carbon dioxide into geological formations for. Mark zoback, department of geophysics, stanford university.
Stanford university geophysicists mark zoback and steven gorelick write in a 26 june article in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences that there is a high probability that earthquakes will be. This carbon capture and storage ccs technology has the potential to. Baseline carbon storage, carbon sequestration, and greenhouse. Toward carbon management friday november 8, 2019 stanford. The consequences of tissue carbonenrichment for herbivores and other trophic groups have implications for the extent of carbon sequestration in response to increased atmospheric co 2. Carbon sequestration in soils over the past 150 years, the amount of carbon in the atmosphere has increased by 30%.
Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the united states was quanti. Funding for carbon capture and sequestration ccs at doe. Ccsreg is an interdisciplinary project to develop recommendations for how best to regulate the process of capturing co 2, transport it in pipelines, and sequester it safely and securely in appropriate deep geological formations. Jun 19, 2009 carbon capture and sequestration ccs congressional research service 1 introduction carbon capture and sequestration or storageknown as ccsis capturing carbon at its source and storing it before its release to the atmosphere. Beef cattle play an important role in increasing carbon sequestration. Geomechanical aspects of co 2 sequestration in a deep saline reservoir in the ohio river valley region. Interdisciplinary investigation of co2 sequestration in. Carbon sequestration in soils over the past 150 years. The process of removing carbon from the atmosphere and depositing it in a reservoir. Mark zoback is an outstanding geophysicist who has made fundamental contributions to the study of the global stress field, fault zone properties, crustal mechanics, and carbon sequestration. They found co 2 to have a adsorption capacity approximately 5 times greater than that of ch 4.
Carbon sequestration in coal and shale gas opportunities of enhanced methane recovery. Mark zoback, professor, department of geophysics, stanford university. It has been prepared within the framework of a faoglobal mechanism gm joint. Mark zoback, a stanford professor of geophysics, discusses the impact of the natural gas revolution as electricity providers transition from coal to a renewableenergy future. The earthshaking consequences of burying carbon climate. Is there the potential for significant adsorption of co. Worldwide, about 80 percent of those emissions come from the combustion of oil. Sequestration, and greenhousegas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of the western united states. Carbon storage and sequestration by trees in urban and. Mark zoback stanford a strategy for enhanced recovery and co2 sequestration in gas shales 11. Carbon sequestration or carbon dioxide removal cdr is the longterm removal, capture or sequestration of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to slow or reverse atmospheric co2 pollution and to mitigate or reverse global warming carbon dioxide co2 is naturally captured from the atmosphere through biological, chemical, and physical processes. Earthquake triggering and largescale geologic storage of carbon dioxide mark d. The stanford center for carbon storage uses a multidisciplinary approach to address critical questions related to flow physics, monitoring, geochemistry, and simulation of the transport and fate of co2 stored in partially to fullydepleted oil fields, saline aquifers, and other unconventional reservoirs. Ramakrishnan abstract the ohio river valley co 2 storage project is an ongoing characterization of deep saline formations being considered as potential sites for geological co 2 sequestration.
This process is called carbon capture and sequestration or ccs. Even if those quakes do not damage property or put lives at risk, they could undermine carbon capture schemes, says mark zoback. Mark zoback department of geophysics stanford university. Mark zoback and steven gorelick write, the issue is not whether co2 can be. The potential for carbon sequestration in the united states.
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